mechanism by which T cells regulate metabolism and thereby modulate differentiation and function. Indeed, defects in cytokine secretion and cell proliferation upon activation of

autophagy-deficient effector T cells is associated with a decreased ability to upregulate ATP production [4]. It is likely that the ability of autophagy to degrade proteins, lipids and

glycogen to provide energy substrates [68] may support activation, while inhibition of this

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CancerLett. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 April 10.