日本榮研新亞型禽流感H7N9快速檢測試紙

廣州健侖生物科技有限公司

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日本榮研新亞型禽流感H7N9快速檢測試紙

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【公司名稱】 廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
【市場部】     歐

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【騰訊  】 
【公司地址】 廣州清華科技園創新基地番禺石樓鎮創啟路63號二期2幢101-103室

外層原生質中有70 S核糖體與中間體，缺乏高爾基體（Golgi apparatus）、內質網（E.R.）、線粒體和中心體（centrosomes）等。轉錄和轉譯（transcription and translation）同時進行，四周質膜內含有呼吸酶。無有絲分裂（mitosis）和減數分裂（meiosis），脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）復制后，細胞隨即分裂為二。
結構含有：莢膜（capsule），細胞壁（murein cell wall），細胞膜（cell surface membrane），脫氧核糖核酸分子（circular DNA），中膜體（mesosome）或間體， thykoloid，能源[energy storage(e.g.glycogen)]，核糖體（ribosome），鞭毛（flagellum),pilli 等等。
細胞壁[3]  厚度因細菌不同而異，一般為15-30納米。主要成分是肽聚糖，由N-乙酰葡糖胺和N-乙酰胞壁酸構成雙糖單元，以β（1-4）糖苷鍵連接成大分子。N-乙酰胞壁酸分子上有四肽側鏈，相鄰聚糖纖維之間的短肽通過肽橋（革蘭氏陽性菌）或肽鍵（革蘭氏陰性菌）橋接起來，形成了肽聚糖片層，像膠合板一樣，粘合成多層。
肽聚糖中的多糖鏈在各物種中都一樣，而橫向短肽鏈卻有物種間的差異。革蘭氏陽性菌細胞壁厚約2080納米，有15-50層肽聚糖片層，每層厚1納米，含20-40%的磷壁酸（teichoic acid），有的還含有少量蛋白質。革蘭氏陰性菌細胞壁厚約10納米，僅2-3層肽聚糖，其他成分較為復雜，由外向內依次為脂多糖、細菌外膜和脂蛋白。此外，外膜與細胞之間還有間隙。
肽聚糖是革蘭陽性菌細胞壁的主要成分，凡能破壞肽聚糖結構或抑制其合成的物質，都有抑菌或殺菌作用。如溶菌酶是N-乙酰胞壁酸酶，青霉素抑制轉肽酶的活性和肽橋的形成。
細菌細胞壁的功能包括：保持細胞外形；抑制機械和滲透損傷（革蘭氏陽性菌的細胞壁能耐受20kg/c㎡的壓力）；介導細胞間相互作用（侵入宿主）；防止大分子入侵；協助細胞運動和分裂。
脫壁的細胞稱為細菌原生質體（bacterial protoplast）或球狀體（spheroplast），因脫壁不*，脫壁后的細菌原生質體，生存和活動能力大大降低。
細胞膜
是典型的單位膜結構，厚約8-10納米，外側緊貼細胞壁，某些革蘭氏陰性菌還具有細胞外膜。細胞膜有多方面的重要功能，它與細胞的物質交換，細胞識別、分泌、排泄、免疫等都有密切的關系。通常不形成內膜系統，除核糖體外，沒有其它類似真核細胞的細胞器，呼吸和光合作用的電子傳遞鏈位于細胞膜上。某些行光合作用的原核生物（藍細菌和紫細菌），質膜內褶形成結合有色素的內膜，與捕光反應有關。某些革蘭氏陽性細菌質膜內褶形成小管狀結構，稱為中膜體（mesosome）或間體，中膜體擴大了細胞膜的表面積，提高了代謝效率，有擬線粒體（Chondroid）之稱，此外還可能與DNA的復制有關。

Outer protoplasts have 70 S ribosomes and intermediates, lack of Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.), mitochondria and centrosomes. Transcription and translation (transcription and translation) at the same time, around the plasma membrane contains respiratory enzymes. Without mitosis and meiosis, the cells split into two immediay after DNA replication.
The structure contains: capsule, murein cell wall, cell surface membrane, circular DNA, mesosome or interstitial, thykoloid, energy [eg energy storage (eg glycogen), ribosomes, flagellum, pilli and the like.
Cell wall [3] varies in thickness due to bacteria, typically 15-30 nm. The main component is peptidoglycan. The disaccharide unit consists of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, and is linked to a large molecule by β (1-4) glycosidic bonds. N-acetylmuramic acid molecules have tetrapeptide side chains, and short peptides between adjacent glycan fibers are bridged by peptide bridges (Gram-positive bacteria) or peptide bonds (Gram-negative bacteria) to form peptides Glycan sheets, like plywood, are bonded in multiple layers.
Polysaccharides in peptidoglycan chains are the same in all species, while the transversal short peptide chains have species-to-species differences. Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall thickness of about 2080 nanometers with 15-50 peptidoglycan lamellae, each 1 nanometer thick, containing 20-40% teichoic acid and some containing small amounts of protein. Gram-negative bacteria cell wall thickness of about 10 nm, only 2-3 layers of peptidoglycan, the other components are more complex, from the external to internal lipopolysaccharide, bacterial outer membrane and lipoprotein. In addition, there is a gap between the outer membrane and the cells.
Peptidoglycan is the main component of Gram-positive bacteria cell wall, where the destruction of peptidoglycan structure or inhibit the synthesis of substances, have antibacterial or bactericidal effect. For example, lysozyme is N-acetylmuramicase, penicillin inhibits transpeptidase activity and peptide bridge formation.
Bacterial cell wall functions include: maintaining cell shape; inhibiting mechanical and osmotic damage (Gram-positive bacteria can withstand a cell wall pressure of 20kg / c㎡); mediating cell-cell interactions (invading the host); preventing macromolecular invasion; Assist cell movement and division.
The detached cells are called bacterial protoplast or spheroplast, and their cell viability is greatly reduced due to incomplete cell wall detachment.
Cell membrane
Is a typical unit membrane structure, about 8-10 nm thick, close to the cell wall on the outside, some Gram-negative bacteria also have an extracellular membrane. Cell membrane has many important functions, which are closely related to cell material exchange, cell recognition, secretion, excretion, immunity and so on. Usually does not form the endomembrane system, in addition to ribosomes, there are no other eukaryotic cells organelles, respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chain located in the cell membrane. Some lines of photosynthetic prokaryotes (cyanobacteria and purple bacteria), the plasma membrane pleated with pigmented endometrium, and the light-harvesting reaction. Some Gram-positive bacterial plaques within the pleated tubular structure, known as the mesosome (mesosome) or between the body, the mesomedial body to expand the surface area of ??the cell membrane and improve the metabolic efficiency of the mitochondria (Chondroid) said , In addition may also be related to DNA replication.