3D細胞微球體培養系統

適合細胞特別是三維細胞、細胞球微重力培養，多達16個生長培養腔:相互獨立,高度靈活！平滑旋轉：16個微電腦控制旋轉，無抖動從1到60rpm能速度可調節,步長為0.1rpm,調節球狀體生長。

固定體積:剛性膜,10mL固定體積,防止蒸發影響鹽及其它培養成分的濃度(synthecon廠家RCCS配備可拉伸硅膠膜,在細胞培養過程中,水分會從膜內蒸發,培養基離子強度會顯著增加，擬組織內細胞會受到脅迫)
內置水合腔和加濕通路：
可置于干燥的孵箱內使用，減少細菌和支原體污染。在長期培養時這點尤其重，RCCS沒有水合腔。
產量高:每個成熟的生物反應器含有超過300個球狀體,每個由80000-100000個細胞組成
穩定培養:球形體可培養一年超低剪切力:剪切力干擾基因表達和invivo功能
內置*儲液器：培養腔內無凈蒸發
擴散能力強:可培養大尺寸球狀體,培養基流經球狀體，使其生長至直徑1-2mm(與細胞類型有關）,同時中心不發生壞死。
擬組織:球狀體和類器模擬invivo組織
生物反應器側面帶有端口，便于更換培養基和除氣泡
該生物反應器可以打開：可使實驗人員隨時收集或處理樣本(而RCCS生物反應器不可以)
易操作：
培養腔類似培養皿，可重復打開和關閉
降低污染風險:干燥孵箱內用,無污染風險
熱中性驅動:驅動不影響孵箱內溫度
數據日志:各個驅動設置和BAM系統狀態都會被記錄，用于記錄性
小巧尺寸:適合多數CO2孵箱

與RCCS系統比較

注意:
該系統和Sythecon系統相對于其它3D培養系統（懸滴培養、低吸附板、芯片等）具有明顯優勢，此處未涉及。
該三維微球培養系統優點
1) 三維微球培養系統腔室可以打開，而RCCS生物反應器不可以。
此特點可使實驗人員隨時收集或處理樣本。例如，可用藥物處理3D組織，然后研究其對擬組織的效應和恢復情況。
2) 體積固定(10 mL)。
RCCS生物反應器配備了可拉伸硅膠膜，灌注體積高達12 mL。在細胞培養過程中，水分會從膜內蒸發，在出現明
顯氣泡前體積可降至8 mL。此時培養基離子強度會顯著增加，擬組織內的細胞會受到脅迫。CelVivo生物反應器采用
了剛性膜，體積為10 mL，不會發生這種情況。
3) 生物反應器側面帶有端口，便于更換培養基和除氣泡。
4) 三維微球培養系統腔室內置水合腔和加室通路。
此特點可使其置于干燥的孵箱內使用，減少細菌和支原體污染。在長期培養時這點尤其重要（有的實驗培養時間超過300
天）。RCCS沒有水合腔。

Publications

1. Metabolic Reprogramming and the Recovery of Physiological Functionality in 3D Cultures in Micro-Bioreactors
   Krzysztof Wrzesinski and Stephen J. Fey
   Bioengineering, 5 (2) 1-25: 2018
    
    
2. Recent advances in three-dimensional cell culturing to assess liver function and dysfunction: from a drug biotransformation and toxicity perspective.
   Carlemi Calitz, Josias H. Hamman, Stephen J. Fey, Krzysztof Wrzesinski & Chrisna Gouws
   Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2018
   
   DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1422580
    
3. Acetaminophen-induced S-nitrosylation and S-sulfenylation signalling in 3D cultured hepatocarcinoma cell spheroids.
   K. Wojdyla, K. Wrzesinski, J. Williamson, P. Roepstorff, S.J. Fey, A. Rogowska-Wrzesinska 
   Toxicology Research 5(2) 905-920, 2016 
   
   DOI: 10.1039/C5TX00469A
    
4. From 2D to 3D - a new dimension for modelling the effect of natural products on human tissue. 
   K. Wrzesinski and S.J. Fey
   Current Pharmaceutical Design 21(38): 5605-5616, 2015. 
   PMID: 26429710 
   DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666151002114227
5. Top-down and Middle-down Protein Analysis Reveals that Intact and Clipped Human Histones Differ in Post-translational Modification Patterns. 
   A. Tvardovskiy, K. Wrzesinski, S. Sidoli, S.J. Fey, A. Rogowska-Wrzesinska, O.N. Jensen
   Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 14(12):3142-53; 2015. 
   PMID: 26424599 
   DOI: 10.1074/mcp.M115.048975
    
6. The cultural divide: exponential growth in classical 2D and metabolic equilibrium in 3D environments.
   K. Wrzesinski, A. Rogowska-Wrzesinska, R. Kanlaya, K. Borkowski, V. Schwämmle, J. Daia, K.E. Joensen, K. Wojdyla, V. Botelho Carvalho & S.J. Fey 
   PLOS One 9(9) 1-15; 2014
   PMID: 25222612 
   DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106973
    
7. The cultural divide: exponential growth in classical 2D and metabolic equilibrium in 3D environments.
   K. Wrzesinski, A. Rogowska-Wrzesinska, K. Borkowski, V. Botelho Carvalho & S.J. Fey 
   Poster at 9th Danish Conference on Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Vejle; 2014 
   DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2643.2965
8. Heteromer score – using internal standards to assess the quality of proteomic data.
   A. Rogowska-Wrzesinska, K. Wrzesinski and S.J. Fey
   Proteomics. 14(9):1042-7 2014
   PMID: 24616253 
   DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300457
    
9. Microgravity spheroids as a reliable, long term tool for predictive toxicology. 
   S.J. Fey and K. Wrzesinski
   Toxicology Letters, 221S S153 2013. 
   DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.318
10. Determination of acute lethal and chronic lethal dose thresholds of Valproic acid using 3D spheroids constructed from the immortal human hepatocyte cell line HepG2/C3A. 
    S.J. Fey and K. Wrzesinski
    In ''Valproic Acid: Pharmacology, Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Implications'' Nova Science Publishers, New York. Ch. V, 141-165; 2013
11. Human liver spheroids exhibit stable physiological functionality for at least 24 days after recovering from trypsinisation.
    K. Wrzesinski, C.M. Magnone, L. Visby Hansen, M. Ehrhorn Kruse, T. Begauer, M. Bobadilla, M. Gubler, J. Mizrahi, C. Møller Andreasen, K. Zhang, K. Eyed Joensen, S.M. Andersen and S.J. Fey
    Toxicology Research; 2(3) 163-172; 2013 
    DOI: 10.1039/C3TX20086H 
    NB: Manuscript featured on the front cover of the journal.
     
12. After trypsinisation, 3D spheroids of C3A hepatocytes need 18 days to re-establish similar levels of key physiological functions to those seen in the liver.
    K. Wrzesinski and S.J. Fey
    Toxicology Research; 2(2) 123-135; 2013 
    DOI: 10.1039/C2TX20060K
    NB: Manuscript featured on the front cover of the journal.
     
13. Determination of drug toxicity using 3D spheroids constructed from immortalized human hepatocytes. 
    S.J. Fey and K. Wrzesinski
    Toxicological Sciences 127(2) 403-411; 2012. 
    PMID: 22454432 
    DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs122